Nota Kesepahaman Helsinki untuk Mengakhiri Konflik Aceh: Telaah Sosiologi Politik dan Histori
Keywords:
Konflik, Indonesia, GAM, Aceh
Abstract
The protected conflict between Free Aceh Movement (GAM) and Government of Indonesia (GoI) lasted nearly 30 years (1976-2005). It was solved with Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed on 15 August 2005 in Helsinki Finland which mediated by Crisis Management Initiative (CMI). Conse- quently GoI should establish a new law on the governing Aceh (LoGA) as a follow up of the MoU. But some articles of LoGA are contra on MoU and many issues remain unsolved. Nevertheless, this reality created oppor- tunities for economic and socio-politic development in Aceh. One great change is GAM transformed to political party and being the ruler in Aceh since 2006. Hence peace accord (MoU) has been lasting for 9 years, although Aceh is fragile right now. This paper explains the conflict settlement and constitution reform, and the impact on authority arrangement and relationship between Aceh-Indonesia after MoU Helsinki.
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Ariwiadi, (1986) Gerakan Operasi Militer VII: Penjelesaian Peristiwa Atjeh.
Jakarta: Mega Bookstore
Aspinal, Edward (2006) Sejarah konflik Aceh, http://www.acehinstitute.org/ id/index. Diakses tanggal 29 Disembir 2010.
Aspinall, Edward and Crouch, Harold (2003) The Aceh Peace Process: Why it Failed, Policy Studies 1, Washington: East-West Center.
Awaludin, H. (2009) Peace in Aceh, Yogyakarta: Kanisius Printing House
Baldan, Ferry M. (2007). Pondasi Menuju Perdamaian Abadi. Jakarta: Suara Bebas
Basyar, Hamdan, Nurhasim, Asvi, WA., Zuhro, S., Ichwanuddin, W., (2008) Aceh Baru: Tantangan Perndamaian dan Integrasi. Jakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Daly, B. and Higgins, N. (2010) The Use and Effectiveness of Mediation as a Conflict Resolution Tool. Working Papers in International Studies Centre for International Studies, No. 8., Dublin City University, Ireland
Damanik, A. Taufan (2010) Hasan Tiro: From the Imagination of an Islamic State to the Imagination of Ethnonationalism. Jakarta: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES) dan Acheh Future Institute (AFI).
Darmi, Afridal (2008) Keterlibatan Masyarakat Sipil dalam Proses Perdamaian dalam Aguswandi & Large. J. Eds. Rekonfigurasi Politik: Proses Damai Aceh, Accord. London: Conciliation Resources.
Daud, A., Husda, H., Umar, M., Al Chaidar (2010) Aceh dari Konflik ke Damai. Banda Aceh: Bandar Publishing
Djafar, M. (2008) Pilkada dan Demokrasi Konsosiasional di Aceh, POELITIK Jurnal Kajian Politik, dan Masalah Pembangunan, Jurnal Poelitik Volume 4/No.1/2008, hal. 203, http://sps.unas.ac.id:8080/ publikasi/P%20195-217%20Demokratisasi.pdf. Diakses 15 Septembir 2012.
Djohari, D., 2011, Penerapan Norma Hukum Tata Negara Darurat serta Kaitannya Dengan Penanggulangan Gangguan Keamanan dan Bencana Tsunami di Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Jurnal Hukum, Vol. 2., No. 3, 2011, Universitas Jambi, http://portalgaruda.
org. Diakses 15 Septembir 2012
Djojosoekarto, A., Sumarwono, R., Suryaman, C. (Eds) (2008) Kebijakan Otonomi Khusus di Indonesia: Pembelajaran dari Kasus aceh, papua, Jakarta, dan Yogyakarta. Jakarta: Kemitraan.
Djuli, Nur, M. (2011) Research Question: Does Lack of Employment Among Ex-Combatans Lead to An Increase of Violence in Post-Conflict Societies. http://projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/fellows/files/djuli.pdf, Diakses 5 Septembir 2012.
Djumala, D. (2013) Soft Power untuk Aceh: Resolusi Konflik dan Politik Desentralisasi. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
El Ibrahimy, Nur M. (2001) Peranan Tgk. M. Daud Beureu-eh dalam Pergolakan Aceh, Jakarta: Media Dakwah
Elsam (2003) Mengapa Kesepakatan Penghentian Permusuhan Sulit Dipertahankan.http://www.elsam.or.id/downloads/1273306887_BRIEF ing_Paper_ElSAM_NO_2.PDF. Diakses 21 Julai 2012
Fasya, Kemal, T. (2005) Ritus Kekerasan dan Libido Nasionalisme.
Yogyakarta: Elsam.
Fischer, D. (2007). “Peace as a Self-regulating Process”, in Charles Webel and Johan Galtung, eds., Handbook of Peace and Confl ict Studies London: Routledge.
Gade, M., Ismail, Otto S., Ishak dan Yusni S. (2001) Akar Permasalahan dan Alternatif Proses Penyelesaian Konflik di Aceh dalam Aceh Jakarta Papua. Jakarta: YAPPIKA.
Harish, S.P. (2005) Towards Better Peace Processes: A Comparative Study of Attempts to Broker Peace with MNLF and GAM, Singapore: Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies Singapore, http://www.rsis.edu.sg/ publications/WorkingPapers/WP77.pdf. Diakses 3 Julai 2010
Huber, K (2004) The HDC in Aceh: Promises and Pitfalls of NGO Mediation and Implementation. http://www.eastwestcenterwashington.org/ Publications/publications.htm. Diakses 20 Pebruari 2014
Husain, Farid, 2007, To See the Unseen; Kisah di Balik Damai di Aceh,
Jakarta: Health and Hospital Indonesia.
Kawilarang, H (2008) Aceh dari Sultan Iskandar Muda ke Helsinki. Banda Aceh: Bandar Publishing
Kay, Kira (2003) The “New Humanitariannism”: The Henry Dunant Centre and the Aceh Peace Negoiations. http://wws.princeton.edu/research/ cases/newhumanit.pdf. Diakses 24 Mei 2013
Published
2015-01-01
How to Cite
Suadi Zainal. (2015). Nota Kesepahaman Helsinki untuk Mengakhiri Konflik Aceh: Telaah Sosiologi Politik dan Histori. Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi Dan Perubahan Sosial, 2(1), 5-19. https://doi.org/10.33258/konfrontasi2.v4i1.51
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