Intervensi Kemanusiaan dan Jatuhnya Kuasa Kolonel Muammar Gaddafi di Libya
Keywords:
Libya; Muammar Gaddafi; konflik
Abstract
This article explains on civil war and the humanitarian intervention in Libya, in which it was taken over by NATO coalition forces through the Operation Unified Protector. The fighting in Libya ended in late October 2011 following the death of Muammar Gaddafi. Officially NATO announced that it would suspend its military operations in Libya on October 31, 2011, but the new Libyan government (NTC) requested NATO's mission in the country to be extended until the end of 2011. On 27 October, the UN Security Council voted to end its mandate NATO military forces in Libya on October 30, 2011. The implications of NATO military operations in Libya have side effects and unintended consequences. So far, armed conflicts in Libya are still going on following the death of Gaddafi several years ago.
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References
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Nardin, “The Moral Basis of Humanitarian Intervention,” in A. Lang (Ed.), Just Intervention (Washington: Georgetown University Press (2003).
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World Disasters Report, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998).
A. Hironaka, Neverending wars: The International Community, Weak States, and The Perpetuation of Civil War (Cambridge, Harvard University Press 2005).
A. Juhasz, The Tyranny of Oil: The World’s Most Powerful Industry and What We Must Do To Stop It (New York: Harper, 2008).
Orford, Reading Humanitarian Intervention (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
Amnesty International, The battle for Libya: Killings, Disappearances, and Torture (London: Amnesty International, 2011).
Cipto, Hubungan internasional di Asia Tenggara: Teropong Terhadap Dinamika, Realitas, dan Masa Depan (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2007).
G. Badescu, Humanitarian Intervention and the Responsibility to Protect: Security and Human Rights (New York: Routledge, 2011).
King, “Ending Civil Wars,” Adelphi Paper, no. 308 (Oxford: Oxford University Press for the IISS, 1997).
C. Rodee, Pengantar Ilmu Politik (Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 1988).
Keen, “The Economic functions of violence in civil wars,“ Adelphi Paper, no. 320 (Oxford: Oxford University Press for the IISS, 1998).
D. Sandalow, Freedom From Oil: How The Next President Can End The United States Oil Addiction (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008).
United States Oil Addiction (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008).
Vandewalle, Libya Since Independence: Oil and State Building (London:
I.B. Tauris Publishers, 1998).
D.P. Barash & C.P. Webel, Peace and Conflict Studies (California: Sage Publications, 2009).
Herman, & D. Peterson, “Morality’s Avenging Angels: The New Humanitarian Crusaders,” in D. Chandler (ed.), Rethinking Human Rights (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002).
R. Teson, Humanitarian Intervention: An Inquiry Into Law and Morality (New York: Transnational Publishers, 2005).
F.W. Engdahl, A Century of War: Anglo-American Oil Politics and The New World Order (Wiesbaden: Edition.engdahl, 2011).
Robertson, Crimes Against Humanity (London: Penguin, 2002).
J. Morgenthau, Politik Antarbangsa, Terj. S. Maimun., A. M. Fatwan., dan C. Sudradjat, (Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia, 2010). (Karya asli diterbitkan tahun c. 1948).
H. Nawawi, Metode Penelitian Bidang Sosial (Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press, 1997).
Independent International Commission on Kosovo, Kosovo Report (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000).
International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, The Responsibility to Protect: Research, Bibliography, Background (Ottawa: International Development Research Centre, 2001).
J. Donnelly, Human Rights, Humanitarian Intervention, and American Foreign Policy (New York: Columbia University, 1983). J. Gow, Defending the West (Cambridge: Polity, 2006).
J. H. Lute, “The Role of Force in Peacemaking,”in W. Zartman (ed.), Peacemaking in International Conflict: Methods and Techniques (Washington DC: United States Institute of Peace, 2007).
J. Pattison, Humanitarian Intervention and The Responsibility to Protect: Who should intervene? (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010).
J. S. Nye, Understanding International Conflicts: An Introduction to Theory and History (New York: Pearson and Longman, 2009).
J. Moelong, Metode Penelitian Kualitatif (Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya, 2001).
K. Sinha, Humanitarian Intervention by the United Nations (New Delhi: Manak Publications, 2002).
M. Shoelhi, Di Ambang Keruntuhan Amerika (Jakarta: Grafindo Khazanah Ilmu, 2007).
M. Singarimbun & S. Efendi, Metode Penelitian Survey (Jakarta: LP3ES, 1995).
Walzer, Just and Unjust War: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations (New York: Basic Books, 1977).
Hodge, Armed humanitarians: The Rise of The Nation Builders (New York: Bloomsbury, 2011).
J. Wheeler, Saving Strangers: Humanitarian Intervention in International Society (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000).
N.J. Wheelerand & J. Morris, “Justifying the Iraq War as a Humanitarian Intervention: The Cure is Worse than the Disease,” In R. Thakur & W. P. S. Sidhu (eds.), The Iraq Crisis and World Order: Structural, Institutional and Normative Changes (Tokyo: United Nations University Press, 2006).
Noam Chomsky, The New Military Humanism: Lessons from Kosovo (Monroe: Common Courage Press, 1999).
P. D. Williams, War and Conflict in Africa (UK: Polity Press, 2011).
R. J. Vincent, Human Rights and International Relations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986).
R. Kolb, & R. Hyde, An Introduction to The International Law of Armed Conflicts (Portland: Hart Publishing, 2008).
R. Miller, “Respectable Oppressors, Hypocritical Liberators, ” in D. Chatterjee & D. Scheid (Eds.), Ethics and Foreign Intervention (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
R. Nozick, Anarchy, State, and Utopia (New York: Basic Books, 1974).
R. O. Keohane, “Political Authority After Intervention: Gradations in Sovereignty,“ in J. L. Holzgrefe & R. O. Keohane (eds.), Humanitarian Intervention: Ethical, Legal, and Political Dilemmas (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008).
W. Dyson, Aquinas: Political Writing (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
Chesterman, “Hard cases make bad law,” in A. Lang (ed.), Just Intervention (Washington: Georgetown University Press, 2003).
Hoffmann, “Intervention: Should it go on? Can it go on?” in D. Chatterjee and D. Scheid (Eds.), Ethics and Foreign Intervention (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
Nardin, “The Moral Basis of Humanitarian Intervention,” in A. Lang (Ed.), Just Intervention (Washington: Georgetown University Press (2003).
Pangle & P. Ahrensdorf, Justice Among Nations (Lawrence KS: University of Kansas Press, 1999).
T.R. Mitchell, Research in Organizational Behavior (Greenwich: JAI Press, 1997).
World Disasters Report, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998).
Published
2017-01-01
How to Cite
Indrawan, J. (2017). Intervensi Kemanusiaan dan Jatuhnya Kuasa Kolonel Muammar Gaddafi di Libya. Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi Dan Perubahan Sosial, 4(1), 44- 62. https://doi.org/10.33258/konfrontasi2.v6i1.32
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Articles
Copyright (c) 2020 Jerry Indrawan
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