High Incidence of Different Drug Uses and Media Campaign on the Injection Method in Borno State, Nigeria
Keywords:
Borno State, drug use, intravenous, Maiduguri and syringes
Abstract
Injection drug abuse has become a major public health problem, the prevalence of which has increased significantly in the last decade. There are approximately 15.6 million people who inject drugs (PWID) worldwide and this may be an underestimate of the real problem as the use of injection drugs is an illegal and stigmatized practice, making data collection challenging. The study employed a cross-sectional design to assess drug abuse via injection and primary data was collected through structured interviews and self-administered questionnaires. Quantitative data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science, employing descriptive statistics to identify patterns and associations while the qualitative data were transcribed and analyzed thematically to understand underlying behaviors and motivations. The cognitive-affective-pharmacogenic control theory was employed. Based on the findings, most of the respondents inject drugs because it provides a stronger high compare to other methods. The findings revealed that vein damage is the most common effect found among the people of high incidence of different drug uses through the injection method in Maiduguri Local Government Area of Borno State. Similarly, most of the respondents inject synthetic opioids and morphine. Also, most of the drug users are not receiving any support or treatment for drug addiction. The study concludes that most of the respondents are facing the problem of stigma and discrimination. Based on the findings, the study recommends that there should be educational outreach focused on sensitising and educating young people about the risks of drug use and promotes life skills through schools and community initiatives.
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References
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Ahmed, M. O., & Msughter, A. E. (2022). Assessment of the spread of fake news of Covid-19 amongst social media users in Kano State, Nigeria. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 6, 100189.
Airaoje, O. K., Obada, A. A., & Msughter, A. E. (2023). A Critical Review on Gender Based Violence in Nigeria: Media Dimension. Humanities, 3(2), 9-16.
Aondover, E. M. (2020). Internet meme as a campaign tool to the fight against Covid-19 in Nigeria. Global Journal of Human-Social Science: A Arts & Humanities – Psychology, 20(6), pp. 27-39.
Aondover, E. M., Oyeleye, S. A., & Aondover, P. P. (2022). Analysis of Iconographic Effect of Visual Communication Genre on Covid-19 in Nigeria. Journal of Gynaecology and women’s health, 23(3), 1-10.
Aondover, E. M., Oyeleye, S. A., & Aondover, P. P. (2022). Analysis of Iconographic Effect of Visual Communication Genre on Covid-19 in Nigeria. Journal of Gynaecology and women’s health, 23(3).
Aondover, E. M., Yar’ Adua, S. M., & Maradun, L. U. (2020). Influence of cultural practices on maternal morbidity and complications in Katsina-Ala Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. International Journal of Health, Safety and Environment, 6(9), pp. 670-681.
Aondover, E.M. & Phillips, D. (2020). Media framing of Covid-19 pandemic: A Study of Daily Trust and Vanguard Newspapers in Nigeria. ASJ: International Journal of Health, Safety and Environment (IJHSE), 6(5) 588 – 596.
Bassi, P. U., & Gashau, W. (2024). Impact of serious adverse drug reactions on the quality of life of patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in Maiduguri, northeast Nigeria: a four-year retrospective study. AIDS care, 36(8), 1070-1079.
Best, D., Beckwith, M., Haslam, C., Alexander Haslam, S., Jetten, J., Mawson, E., & Lubman, D. I. (2016). Overcoming alcohol and other drug addiction as a process of social identity transition: The social identity model of recovery (SIMOR). Addiction Research & Theory, 24(2), 111-123.
Black, D. C. (2020). Review of Drugs Executive Summary.
Boun, S. S., Omonaiye, O., & Yaya, S. (2024). Prevalence and health consequences of nonmedical use of tramadol in Africa: A systematic scoping review. PLOS Global Public Health, 4(1), e0002784.
Dale D. Chitwoor and others, “A systematic review of recent literature on religiosity and substance use”, Journal of Drug Issues, vol 38, No. 3 (July 2008), pp 653-688.
Gadour, A. (2009). The Techniques/Methods Used by School Psychologists to Assess Children with Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties. Britain International of Linguistics, Arts and Education (BIoLAE) Journal. Pp. 1-8
Giancarlo Lucchetti and others, “Spirituality, religiosity and substance use: Evidence and proposed mechanisms”, Journal of Substance Abuse and Alcoholism, 2(2): 1016 (2014).
Gold, S. R., & Coghlan, A. J. (1976). Locus of control and self-esteem among adolescent drug abusers: effects of residential treatment. Drug Forum, 5(2), pp. 185-191
Granville, C. K. (2020). The impact of Boko Haram insurgency on the people of Borno State (Doctoral dissertation, Walden University).
Hile, M. M., Msughter, A. E., & Babale, A. M. (2022). A Public Health Communication: Towards Effective Use of Social Marketing for Public Health Campaigns in Nigeria. Ann Community Med Prim Health Care, 5(1), 1002.
Johnston, L. D. & O’Malley, P. M. (2001). Drug use and abuse: psychosocial aspects. In: International Encyclopaedia Social & Behavioural Sciences, 3861–3866, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Krystal, H., & Raskin, H. A. (1970). Drug dependence: aspects of ego functions. Detroit: Wayne State University Press
Lazarus, A. (1976). Multi-modal behavior therapy. New York: Springer.
Maclean, J. C., Mallatt, J., Ruhm, C. J., & Simon, K. (2022). The opioid crisis, health, healthcare, and crime: A review of quasi-experimental economic studies. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 703(1), 15-49.
Mahoney, M. J. (1977). Reflections on the cognitive learning trend in psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 32, pp. 5-13
Msughter, A. E., & Iman, M. L. (2020). Internet meme as a campaign tool to the fight against Covid-19 in Nigeria. Global Journal of Human-Social Science, 20(A6), 27-38.
Msughter, A. E., Kuchi, M. G., & Abba, A. A. (2023). Critical Discourse Analysis of Traditional Medicine Outdoor Advertising and Public Health Issues in Northern Nigeria. Indigenous Language for Social Change Communication in the Global South, 39.
Msughter, A. E., Yar’Adua, S. M., & Maradun, L. U. (2020). Influence of Cultural Practices on Maternal Morbidity and Complications in Katsina-Ala Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. International Journal of Health, Safety and Environment, 6(9), 670-681.
Msughter, A. E., Yar’Adua, S. M., & Ogechi, A. P. (2022). Information seeking behavior on Covid-19 vaccine among residents of Fagge Local Government Area of Kano, Nigeria. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(9), 2526-2541.
Msughter, A. E., Yar’Adua, S. M., & Ogechi, A. P. (2022). Information seeking behavior on Covid-19 vaccine among residents of Fagge Local Government Area of Kano, Nigeria. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(9), 2526-2541.
NAFDAC (2004). A hand book on prevention of drugs and substance abuse in Nigeria. Abuja: NAFDAC.
Namadi, H. M., & Aondover, E. M. (2020). Survey of reproductive health information seeking behavior among pregnant women in some selected hospitals in Kano Metropolis. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res/BJSTR. DOI, 10, 1984-1987.
National Drug Master Plan (2019). South Africa free of substance abuse: 2019-2024
Ngwa, N. R. (2022). Drug Abuse and its Implication on Regional Security in West and Central Africa: Cases Studies of Nigeria and Cameroon. International Journal of Politics and Security, 4(1), 86-105.
Obada, A. A., Abba, A. A., & Msughter, A. E. (2021). Pregnancy Induced Hypertension in Kabo Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, 39(4), 31458-31466.
Obada, A. A., Msughter, A. E., Namadi, H. M., & Nongubee, T. (2021). Hyper prevalence of malnutrition in Nigerian context. Biomed J Scientif Tech Res, 39(1), 30916-30925.
Okafor, I. P. (2020). Causes and consequences of drug abuse among youth in Kwara State, Nigeria. Canadian Journal of Family and Youth, 12(1), pp. 147-162
Pate, U. A., Yar’Adua, S. M., & Msughter, A. E. (2020). Public awareness, knowledge and perception of Covid-19 in Tarauni LGA and Kano metropolitan area of Kano State, Nigeria. Media & Communication Currents, 4(2), 52-69.
Platt, J. J., & Labate, C. (1976). Heroin addiction: theory, research and treatment. New York: Wiley.
Pratima, M. S., & Nikketha, B. S. (2007). Introduction in psychosocial interventions for persons with substance abuse: theory and practice national institute of mental health and neuro sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
Sahu, K. K., & Sahu, S. (2011). Substance abuse causes and consequences. ResearchGate.
Sandro Galea, and others, “Drug use, misuse, and the urban environment”, Drug and Alcohol Review, 23, 127-136 (March 2005).
U. S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Office of the Surgeon General (2016). Facing addiction in America: the surgeon general’s report on alcohol, drugs, and health. Washington, DC: HHS.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, UNODC (2016). World Drug Report 2016. Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, UNODC (2017). Prevention of drug use and treatment of drug use disorders in rural settings. Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, UNODC (2018). Drug use in Nigeria. Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
UNODC (2019a). Estimates, based on responses to the annual report questionnaire; and United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects: Revision 2019.
UNODC (2020b). World Drug Report 2020, booklet 2, Drug Use and Health Consequences.
UNODC, World Drug Report 2020, booklet 4, Cross-Cutting Issues: Evolving Trends and New Challenges (United Nations publication, 2020).
Usman, B., Msughter, E. A., & Olaitan Ridwanullah, A. (2022). Social media literacy: fake news consumption and perception of COVID-19 in Nigeria. Cogent Arts & Humanities, 9(1), 2138011.
Published
2024-12-12
How to Cite
Ojemeiri Karl Airaoje, Eric Msughter Aondover, Aruaye Afeye Obada, Omolara Oluwabusayo Akin-Odukoya, & Muhammad Ridwan. (2024). High Incidence of Different Drug Uses and Media Campaign on the Injection Method in Borno State, Nigeria. Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi Dan Perubahan Sosial, 11(4), 242-258. https://doi.org/10.33258/konfrontasi2.v11i4.316
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