Influence of Community Characteristics and Perception Against the Comfort Level of the Bike Path Sudirman Street, DKI Jakarta
Keywords:
Bicycle; environmentally friendly; sustainable development
Abstract
The bicycle mode of transportation is an environmentally friendly vehicle, does not cause air pollution and supports sustainable development. Cycling is the second best mode of transportation after buses which will become a fashion in the future. Cities where bicycle infrastructure is added will increase bicycle users by 48 percent, and when compared to other cities that do not add bicycle lanes, this is already greater. In this study, multiple regression analysis was used to show the influence of characteristics as well as people's perceptions of the convenience of the bicycle lane on Jalan Sudirman, DKI Jakarta. The results showed that there was an influence of public perception on the level of comfort of the bicycle lane. The bicycle mode of transportation being the most inclusive and sustainable is the easiest and cheapest.
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References
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Hillier, B.; Iida, S. Network and psychological effects in urban movement. In Spatial Information Theory,
Hillier, B.; Yang, T.; Turner, A. Normalizing least angle choice in Depthmap and how it opens up newperspectives on the global and local analysis of city space. J. Space Syntax 2012, 3, 155–193.
In Proceedings of the 8th International Space Syntax Symposium, Santiago, Chile, 3–6 January 2012.
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Karndacharuk, A.; Wilson, DJ; Dunn, R. (2014). A review of the evolution of shared (street) space concepts in urbanenvironments. Transp. Rev. 34, 190–220. [CrossRef]
Kenyon, S.; Lyons, G.; Rafferty, J. (2002). Transport and social exclusion: Investigating the possibility of promoting inclusion through virtual mobility. J. Transp. geogr. 10, 207–219. [CrossRef]
Kusno, A. Power and time turning: The capital, the state and the village in Jakarta. int. J. Urban Sci. 2015,19, 53–63. [CrossRef]
Kwan, M.-P.; Schwanen, T. Geographies of Mobility. Ann. Am. Assoc. geogr. 2016, 106, 243–256. [CrossRef]
Leather, J.; Fabian, H.; Gota, S.; Mejia, A. Walkability and Pedestrian Facilities in Asian Cities: State and Issues;
Leitner, H.; Sheppard, E. From villages to condos? Contested accumulations through displacement inJakarta. environment. plans. A Econ. Space 2018, 50, 437–456. [CrossRef]
Lo. (2010). RH The city as a mirror: Transport, land use and social change in Jakarta. Urban Studies., 47, 529–555.
Low, N.; Astle, R. Path dependence in urban transport: An institutional analysis of urban passenger transportin Melbourne, Australia, 1956–2006. Transp. Policy 2009, 16, 47–58. [CrossRef]
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Maimunah, S.; Kaneko, S. (2016). Commuters' behaviors and attitudes toward the current transport mode chosen. J. Int.Dev. Coop., 22, 91–105.
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Pflieger, G.; Kaufmann, V.; Pattaroni, L.; Jemelin, C. How does urban public transport change cities?
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Pink, S. Walking with video. vis. Studio 2007, 22, 240–252. [CrossRef]
Pojani, D.; Stead, D. (2015). Sustainable urban transport in the developing world: Beyond megacities. Sustainability, 7, 7784–7805. [CrossRef]
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Punch, KF Introduction to Social Research: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches, 3rd ed.; SAGE: London,UK, 2014; pp. 93–112.
Rau, R.; Goggins, G.; Fahy, F. (2018). From invisibility to impact: Recognising the scientific and societal relevance ofinterdisciplinary sustainability research. res. Policy, 47, 266–276. [CrossRef]
Regional Study Prepared for Global Report on Human Settlements 2013. Available online: https://unhabitat.org/wpcontent/uploads/2013/06/GRHS.2013.Regional.South_.Eastern.Asia_.and_.Pacific.pdf (accessed on 24 June 2019).
Richardson, T.; Jensen. (2008). OB How mobility systems produce inequality: Making mobile subject types on the Bangkok skytrain. Built Environment. 34, 218–231. [CrossRef]
Round Table Negotiation that year. The state of Indonesia between 1945–1949 is still on debate until now(see for example Houben, VJH A torn soul: The Dutch public discussion on the colonial past in 1995).Indonesia 1997, 63, 47–66.
Sedyawati, E.; Rahardjo, S.; John, IM. (1986). Manilet-Ohorella, GA History of the City of Jakarta 1950–1980, 1st ed.;Ministry of Education and Culture: Jakarta, Indonesia; p. 29.
Senbil, M.; Zhang, J.; Fujiwara, A. Motorization in Asia: 14 Countries and three metropolitan areas. IATSS Res.2007, 31, 46–58. [CrossRef]
Sheller, M. Racialized mobility transitions in Philadelphia: Connecting urban sustainability and transportjustice. City Soc. 2015, 27, 70–91. [CrossRef]
Soja. (2009). EW The city and spatial justice. Justice Spat./Spat. Justice, 1, 1–5.
Soliha, E. Analysis of the Retail Industry in Indonesia. Journal of Business and Economics 2008, 15, 128–142.
Song, Y.; Tan, Y.; Song, Y.; Wu, P.; Cheng, JCP; Kim, MJ; Wang, X. (2018). Spatial and temporal variations of spatialpopulation accessibility to public hospitals: A case study of rural–urban comparison. GiSci. Remote Sens., 55, 718–744. [CrossRef]
Sorensen, A. (2015). Taking path dependence seriously: An historical institutionalist research agenda in planning history. plans. perspective. 30, 17–38. [CrossRef]
Stanley, JK; Hensher, DA; Stanley, J.R. (2011).Vella-Brodrick, D. Mobility, social exclusion and well being:Exploring the links. Transp. res. Part A, 45, 789–801. [CrossRef]
Susilo, YO; Joewono, TB; Santosa, W. (2007). Parikesit, D. A reflection of motorization and public transport in Jakarta Metropolitan Area. IATSS Res., 31, 59–68. [CrossRef]
Tasan-Kok, T. Analysing path dependence to understand divergence: Investigating hybrid neo-liberal urban transformation processes in Turkey. euros. plans. Studs. 2015, 23, 2184–2209. [CrossRef]
Turner, A. From axial to road-centre lines: A new representation for space syntax and a new model of route
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Urry, J. Governance, flows, and the end of the car system? globe. environment. Chang. 2008, 18, 343–349. [CrossRef]Sustainability 2019, 11, 5115 17 of 18
Using space syntax and historical land-use data to interrogate narratives of high-street 'decline' in two
Van der Horst, RA; de Goede, M.; de Hair-Buijssen, S.; Methorst, R. Traffic conflicts on bicycle paths:
Van Nes, A.; Yamu, C. Space syntax—A method to measure urban space related to social, economicand cognitive factors. In The Virtual and the Real in Planning and Urban Design: Perspectives, Practicesand Applications, 1st ed.; Yamu, C., Poplin, A., Devisch, O., de Roo, G., Eds.; Routledge: Oxon, UK, 2018;pp. 136–150.
Wachs, M.; Kumagai, (2012).TG Physical accessibility as a social indicator. Socio-Econ. plans. science. 1973, 7, 437–456.[CrossRef]
Winarso, J.; Hudalah, D.; Firman, T. Peri-urban transformation in the Jakarta metropolitan area. Habitat Int.2015, 49, 221–229. [CrossRef]
Yagi, S.; Nobel, D. (2012). Kawaguchi, H. Time series comparison of models of auto and motorcycle ownership and mode choice in a changing transportation environment: Jakarta, Indonesia. Transp. res. Rec. J. Transp. res. Board, 2317, 40–50. [CrossRef]
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Aleksandrowicz, O.; Yamu, C.; van Nes, A. The socio-spatial development of Jaffa-Tel-Aviv: The emergenceand fade-away of ethnic divisions and distinctions. In Proceedings of the 11th Space Syntax Symposium,Lisbon, Portugal, 3–7 July 2017.
Alzamil, W. The urban features of informal settlements in Jakarta, Indonesia. Data Brief 2017, 15, 993–999.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
Arif, FA Transport planning in Jakarta. Urban Policy Res. 2002, 20, 371–389. [CrossRef]
ASEAN Regional Strategy on Sustainable Land Transport. Available online: https://asean.org/storage/2019/03/ASEAN-Regional-Strategy-for-Sustainable-Land-Transport-Final.pdf (accessed on 24 June 2019).
ASEAN SDGs Frontrunner Cities Programme. Available online: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/partnership/?p=29570 (accessed on 24 June 2019).
Available online: https://jakarta.bps.go.id/statictable/2017/01/30/137/sum-penresident-dan-rasio-tipekelamin-menurut-kabupaten-kota-di-provinsi-dki-jakarta-2015 .html (accessed on 24 June 2019).
Barone, RE; Giuffr, T. (2013). Siniscalchi, SM; Morgano, MA; Tesoriere, G. Architecture for parking managementin smart cities. IET Intel. Transp. Syst, 8, 445–452. [CrossRef]
Barter. (2004). PA Transport, urban structure and 'lock-in' in the Kuala Lumpur Metropolitan Area. int. Dev. plans. Rev. 26, 1–24. [CrossRef]
Budiarto, L. Dwellers and strangers. (2003). Socio-cultural entity, space use, and spatial configuration in kampungsettlements of Jakarta, Indonesia. In Proceedings of the 4th International Space Syntax Symposium, London,UK, 17–19 June.
Burke, PJ; Batsuuri, T.; Yudhistira, MH Easing the traffic: The effects of Indonesia's fuel subsidies reforms ontoll road travel. Transp. res. Part A Policy Practice. 2017, 105, 167–180. [CrossRef]
Can, I.; Ince, I.; Yamu, C. The rationale behind growth patterns: Socio-spatial configuration of Izmir, Turkey1700s–2010. In Proceedings of the 10th International Space Syntax Symposium, London, UK, 13–17 July 2015.
Cervero, R. Linking urban transport and land use in developing countries. J. Transp. Land Use 2013, 6, 7–24.[CrossRef]
Chin, H.-C. Sustainable Urban Mobility in South-Eastern Asia and the Pacific. Global Report on Human Settlements.
choice for transport network analysis. environment. plans. B Urban Anal. City Science. 2007, 34, 539–555. [CrossRef]
Church, A.; Frost, M.; Sullivan, K. (2000).Transport and social exclusion in London. Transp. Policy, 7, 195–205.[CrossRef]
Cobban, JL Geographical notes on the first two centuries of Djakarta. J. Malays. Branch R. Asiat. soc. 1971,44, 108–150.Total Population and Sex Ratio by Regency/City in DKI Jakarta Province. 2015.
Compendium of Transport Sector Operations in Southeast Asia. Available online: https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/institutionaldocument/33705/files/compendium-transport-sector-operations-se-asia.pdf(accessed on 24 June 2019).
Correlations between past and present transport and urban planning policies. Urban Studies. 2009, 46, 1421–1437.[CrossRef]
Cybriwsky, R.; Ford, LR City Profile: Jakarta. Cities 2001, 18, 199–210. [CrossRef]
Dalton, RC The secret is to follow your nose: Route path selection and angularity. environment. Behav. 2003,35, 107–131. [CrossRef]
David, PA Why are institutions the 'carriers of history'? Path dependence and the evolution of conventions, organizations and institutions. structure. Chang. econ. Dyn. 1994, 5, 205–220. [CrossRef]
Delbosc, A.; Currie, G. (2011). The spatial context of transport disadvantage, social exclusion and well-being. J. Transp. geogr. 19, 1130–1137. [CrossRef]
Dodson, J.; Gleeson, B.; Evans, R.; Sipe, N. (2007). Investigating the social dimensions of transport disadvantage II:From concepts to methods through an empirical case study. Urban Policy Res. 25, 63–89. [CrossRef]
Ferreira, A.; Batey, P. (2012). Brömmelstroet, MT; Bertolini, L. Beyond the dilemma of mobility: Exploring new ways of matching intellectual and physical mobility. environment. plans. A, 44, 688–704. [CrossRef]
Firman, T. New town development in Jakarta Metropolitan Region: A perspective of spatial segregation.
Greater London suburbs. In Proceedings of the 9th International Space Syntax Symposium, Seoul, Korea,October 31–November 3, 2013.
Griffiths, S. Temporality in Hillier and Hanson's theory of spatial description: Some implications of historicalresearch for Space Syntax. J. Space Syntax 2011, 2, 73–96.
Griffiths, S. The use of space syntax in historical research: Current practice and future possibilities.
Griffiths, S.; Dhanani, A.; Elul, C.; Haklay, M.; Jeevendrampillai, D.; Nikolova, N.; Rickles, P.; Vaughan, L.
Guo, H.; Wang, W.; Guo, W.; Jiang, X.; Bubb, H. Reliability analysis of pedestrian safety crossing in urbantraffic environment. Saf. science. 2012, 50, 968–973. [CrossRef]
Habitat Int. 2004, 28, 349–368. [CrossRef]
Hillier, B. Spatial sustainability in cities: Organic patterns and sustainable forms. In Proceedings of the 7thInternational Space Syntax Symposium, Stockholm, Sweden, 8–11 June 2009.
Hillier, B. Studying cities to learn about minds: Some possible implications of space syntax for spatialcognition. environment. plans. B Plans. Dec. 2012, 39, 12–32. [CrossRef]
Hillier, B.; Iida, S. Network and psychological effects in urban movement. In Spatial Information Theory,
Hillier, B.; Yang, T.; Turner, A. Normalizing least angle choice in Depthmap and how it opens up newperspectives on the global and local analysis of city space. J. Space Syntax 2012, 3, 155–193.
In Proceedings of the 8th International Space Syntax Symposium, Santiago, Chile, 3–6 January 2012.
Indonesia proclaimed its independence in 1945, however the Netherlands recognizes Indonesia'sindependence in 1949 referring to the formal territorial handover that took place during the Dutch-Indonesia
interdisciplinarity. In Methods of Sustainability Research in the Social Sciences, 1st ed.; Fahy, F., Rau, H., Eds.;Sage: New Delhi, India, 2013; p. 9.
Karim, M. (Ed.) Ciliwung Expedition: Compass Journalistic Report, Springs, Tears, 1st ed.; Book PublisherKompas: Jakarta, Indonesia, 2009; p. 89.
Karndacharuk, A.; Wilson, DJ; Dunn, R. (2014). A review of the evolution of shared (street) space concepts in urbanenvironments. Transp. Rev. 34, 190–220. [CrossRef]
Kenyon, S.; Lyons, G.; Rafferty, J. (2002). Transport and social exclusion: Investigating the possibility of promoting inclusion through virtual mobility. J. Transp. geogr. 10, 207–219. [CrossRef]
Kusno, A. Power and time turning: The capital, the state and the village in Jakarta. int. J. Urban Sci. 2015,19, 53–63. [CrossRef]
Kwan, M.-P.; Schwanen, T. Geographies of Mobility. Ann. Am. Assoc. geogr. 2016, 106, 243–256. [CrossRef]
Leather, J.; Fabian, H.; Gota, S.; Mejia, A. Walkability and Pedestrian Facilities in Asian Cities: State and Issues;
Leitner, H.; Sheppard, E. From villages to condos? Contested accumulations through displacement inJakarta. environment. plans. A Econ. Space 2018, 50, 437–456. [CrossRef]
Lo. (2010). RH The city as a mirror: Transport, land use and social change in Jakarta. Urban Studies., 47, 529–555.
Low, N.; Astle, R. Path dependence in urban transport: An institutional analysis of urban passenger transportin Melbourne, Australia, 1956–2006. Transp. Policy 2009, 16, 47–58. [CrossRef]
Low, N.; Gleeson, B.; Rush, E. A multivalent conception of path dependence: The case of transport planningin metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. environment. science. 2005, 2, 39–41. [CrossRef]
Maimunah, S.; Kaneko, S. (2016). Commuters' behaviors and attitudes toward the current transport mode chosen. J. Int.Dev. Coop., 22, 91–105.
Martin, R.; Sunley, P. (2006). Path dependence and regional economic evolution. J. Econ. geogr. 6, 395–437.[CrossRef]
Maru, R.; Ahmad, S. The relationship between land use changes and the urban heat island phenomenon inJakarta, Indonesia. Adv. science. Lett. 2015, 21, 150–152. [CrossRef]
Merrillees, S. Jakarta: Portraits of a Capital 1950–1980, 1st ed.; Equinox: Singapore, 2008; p. 39.
Newman, P.; Kenworthy, J. Sustainable urban form: The big picture. In Achieving Sustainable Urban Form,1st ed.; Williams, K., Burton, E., Jenks, M., Eds.; E&FN Sponge: London, UK, 2000; pp. 109–113.
Newman, P.; Kenworthy, J. The End of Automobile Dependence: How Cities Are Moving Beyond Car-BasedPlanning, 1st ed.; Island Press: Washington, DC, USA, 2015; pp. 67–76.
Pflieger, G.; Kaufmann, V.; Pattaroni, L.; Jemelin, C. How does urban public transport change cities?
Pierson, P. Increasing returns, path dependence, and the study of politics. Am. Politic. science. Rev. 2000, 94, 251–267.[CrossRef]
Pink, S. Walking with video. vis. Studio 2007, 22, 240–252. [CrossRef]
Pojani, D.; Stead, D. (2015). Sustainable urban transport in the developing world: Beyond megacities. Sustainability, 7, 7784–7805. [CrossRef]
Proceedings of the International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT), New York, NY, USA, September 14–18, 2005; Cohn, AG, Mark, DM, Eds.; Springer: Berlin, Germany, 2005; pp. 553–563.
Punch, KF Introduction to Social Research: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches, 3rd ed.; SAGE: London,UK, 2014; pp. 93–112.
Rau, R.; Goggins, G.; Fahy, F. (2018). From invisibility to impact: Recognising the scientific and societal relevance ofinterdisciplinary sustainability research. res. Policy, 47, 266–276. [CrossRef]
Regional Study Prepared for Global Report on Human Settlements 2013. Available online: https://unhabitat.org/wpcontent/uploads/2013/06/GRHS.2013.Regional.South_.Eastern.Asia_.and_.Pacific.pdf (accessed on 24 June 2019).
Richardson, T.; Jensen. (2008). OB How mobility systems produce inequality: Making mobile subject types on the Bangkok skytrain. Built Environment. 34, 218–231. [CrossRef]
Round Table Negotiation that year. The state of Indonesia between 1945–1949 is still on debate until now(see for example Houben, VJH A torn soul: The Dutch public discussion on the colonial past in 1995).Indonesia 1997, 63, 47–66.
Sedyawati, E.; Rahardjo, S.; John, IM. (1986). Manilet-Ohorella, GA History of the City of Jakarta 1950–1980, 1st ed.;Ministry of Education and Culture: Jakarta, Indonesia; p. 29.
Senbil, M.; Zhang, J.; Fujiwara, A. Motorization in Asia: 14 Countries and three metropolitan areas. IATSS Res.2007, 31, 46–58. [CrossRef]
Sheller, M. Racialized mobility transitions in Philadelphia: Connecting urban sustainability and transportjustice. City Soc. 2015, 27, 70–91. [CrossRef]
Soja. (2009). EW The city and spatial justice. Justice Spat./Spat. Justice, 1, 1–5.
Soliha, E. Analysis of the Retail Industry in Indonesia. Journal of Business and Economics 2008, 15, 128–142.
Song, Y.; Tan, Y.; Song, Y.; Wu, P.; Cheng, JCP; Kim, MJ; Wang, X. (2018). Spatial and temporal variations of spatialpopulation accessibility to public hospitals: A case study of rural–urban comparison. GiSci. Remote Sens., 55, 718–744. [CrossRef]
Sorensen, A. (2015). Taking path dependence seriously: An historical institutionalist research agenda in planning history. plans. perspective. 30, 17–38. [CrossRef]
Stanley, JK; Hensher, DA; Stanley, J.R. (2011).Vella-Brodrick, D. Mobility, social exclusion and well being:Exploring the links. Transp. res. Part A, 45, 789–801. [CrossRef]
Susilo, YO; Joewono, TB; Santosa, W. (2007). Parikesit, D. A reflection of motorization and public transport in Jakarta Metropolitan Area. IATSS Res., 31, 59–68. [CrossRef]
Tasan-Kok, T. Analysing path dependence to understand divergence: Investigating hybrid neo-liberal urban transformation processes in Turkey. euros. plans. Studs. 2015, 23, 2184–2209. [CrossRef]
Turner, A. From axial to road-centre lines: A new representation for space syntax and a new model of route
Turner, A.; Penn, A.; Hillier, B. An algorithmic definition of the axial map. environment. plans. B Plans. Dec. 2005,32, 425–444. [CrossRef]
Urry, J. Governance, flows, and the end of the car system? globe. environment. Chang. 2008, 18, 343–349. [CrossRef]Sustainability 2019, 11, 5115 17 of 18
Using space syntax and historical land-use data to interrogate narratives of high-street 'decline' in two
Van der Horst, RA; de Goede, M.; de Hair-Buijssen, S.; Methorst, R. Traffic conflicts on bicycle paths:
Van Nes, A.; Yamu, C. Space syntax—A method to measure urban space related to social, economicand cognitive factors. In The Virtual and the Real in Planning and Urban Design: Perspectives, Practicesand Applications, 1st ed.; Yamu, C., Poplin, A., Devisch, O., de Roo, G., Eds.; Routledge: Oxon, UK, 2018;pp. 136–150.
Wachs, M.; Kumagai, (2012).TG Physical accessibility as a social indicator. Socio-Econ. plans. science. 1973, 7, 437–456.[CrossRef]
Winarso, J.; Hudalah, D.; Firman, T. Peri-urban transformation in the Jakarta metropolitan area. Habitat Int.2015, 49, 221–229. [CrossRef]
Yagi, S.; Nobel, D. (2012). Kawaguchi, H. Time series comparison of models of auto and motorcycle ownership and mode choice in a changing transportation environment: Jakarta, Indonesia. Transp. res. Rec. J. Transp. res. Board, 2317, 40–50. [CrossRef]
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Published
2022-06-20
How to Cite
Utoyo Harjito, & Lita S. Barus. (2022). Influence of Community Characteristics and Perception Against the Comfort Level of the Bike Path Sudirman Street, DKI Jakarta. Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi Dan Perubahan Sosial, 9(2), 326-340. https://doi.org/10.33258/konfrontasi2.v9i2.222
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