Community Empowerment: The Need for a BUMDES Strategy in Improving Welfare

Empowerment is a concept to give people greater responsibility for how to do work. Empowerment will be successful if it is carried out by entrepreneurs, leaders and groups in a structured manner by building a good work culture. The concept of empowerment is related to the notion of community development and development that is based on society. The problem of social welfare development related to various other development fields is the low economic level of society. This is characterized by unemployment, underdevelopment and helplessness. Therefore, it takes the role of stakeholders, especially those that are directly related to the community, such as providing skills, opening people's horizons and creativity to be able to see business opportunities that can improve the economic level of the family. In general, corporate social responsibility is defined as a business operation that is committed not only to increase company profits financially, but for regional socioeconomic development in a holistic, institutionalized and sustainable manner (Saleh et al, 2019). The main responsibility in the development program is a community with empowerment or power, strength or capability. The strength in question can be seen from the physical and material aspects, economic, institutional, work, including the independence of thinking, acting and controlling what they do. Community independence is a condition experienced by society which is characterized by the ability to think, decide and do something that is deemed appropriate in order to achieve solutions to problems faced by using their abilities. Today's development has included empowerment as one that is prioritized in building a nation. This situation is interpreted as the existence of power or autonomy given by the government to the community in order to be able and independent in determining goodness for themselves, or in other words that there is openness from the government to

accommodate various kinds of initiatives from groups that are considered to experience powerlessness or vulnerability (Adiwijaya et al, 2018).
Community empowerment can be realized through active community participation facilitated by empowerment actors. The main targets of community empowerment are those who are weak and do not have the power, strength or ability to access productive resources or people who are marginalized in development. The ultimate goal of the community empowerment process is to make community members independent so that they can improve their family's standard of living and optimize their resources. Sinaboi Kepenghuluan is the main Kepenghuluan of each Kepenghulua-Kepenghuluan located in Sinaboi District, Rokan Hilir Regency, Riau Province. In the north, it is directly adjacent to the Malacca Strait, and in the south and west, it is directly adjacent to the Kep of the Mangrove River, and in the east it is bordered by the Riau Islands. With an area of 16 KM, and a total population of 3,456 people consisting of 598 families, with various ethnicities and cultures, such as Malay, Chinese, Batak, Javanese. The majority of the population has livelihoods as fishermen, farmers, laborers and traders.
Sinaboi is an area on the coast so it is difficult to get clean water for daily needs, until one day a Chinese community organization made a drill well for community needs and distributed it to the community at a cost per household of IDR 80,000 / month. However, in 2015 there was a Village fund program so that the local government built 2 boreholes for the community, but it was still not effective because the community had to take it themselves and take turns. So that in 2016 2 units were built again in a mosque and mosque but they were only able to be used by the community around the mosque and mosque, in 2017 2 units were built again for other hamlets but the same problem occurred again. Until early 2018 the formation of BUMKEP datuk upstream took the initiative to take over all the drill wells in the islands. Then assisted by BUMKEP Sinaboi Mandiri.
In addition, in order to influence the pace of the community's economy, three villageowned enterprises (BumDes) and one cooperative in Rokan Hilir Regency (Rohil) received 6 units of land transportation assistance from the Ministry of Rural Development and Transmigration (Kemendes PDTT). The following are the names of Bumdes and cooperatives that received assistance for the management of the minibus: Bumdes MAJU JAYA belonging to Kepenghuluan Labuhan Tangga Baru (2 units), Bumdes LABUHAN JAYA MANDIRI belonging to Kepenghuluan Labuhan Tangga Besar (1 unit), Koperasi TIGA MATRA PERHUBUNGAN (1 unit). And Bumkep SINABOI MANDIRI belonging to the Sinaboi Kepenghuluan (2 units).
BUMKEP SINABOI MANDIRI, one of the Sinaboi Kepenghuluan-owned business entities which was established in 2017, is precisely the results of the village meeting on March 6, 2017, to become one of the village-owned enterprises that is expected to provide village original income. The original potentials of Sinaboi Village are marine products and mangrove forests. BUMKEP's ability will be effective in increasing community empowerment if the community has previously increased its empowerment. BUMKEP cannot directly affect community empowerment, but must be mediated by a process that accompanies empowerment. Increased empowerment as a determinant of the success of actors in efforts to increase community empowerment.

Community Empowerment
Empowerment can also be defined as a process in which individuals or groups are able to increase their capacity and ability to understand, interpret the problems they face and then be able to determine their needs and translate them into action by actively participating in the implementation of activities. The main component of empowerment in this case is the ability of individuals to gain control or control in determining their life as they wish (Samah and Aref, 2009) The concept of empowerment is basically built from an idea that places humans as subjects of their own world. There are two tendencies of the empowerment process, namely the first is the empowerment process which emphasizes the process of giving or transferring some power, strength or ability to society so that individuals become more empowered. This process is complemented by efforts to build material assets to support their independence development through the organization. The second tendency is to put more emphasis through the dialogue process (Sidiq, 2020) The main approach in the concept of empowerment is that the community is not made the object of various development projects, but is the subject of its own development efforts. Subejo and Narimo (2004) in Mardikanto and Soebiato (2015) define the process of community empowerment as a deliberate effort to facilitate local communities in planning, deciding, and managing local resources through collective and networking so that in the end they have the ability and independence economic, ecological, and social.
Kusumahadi (2007) in Sutawa (2012) states that a development program can be categorized as an empowerment process if it consists of the following elements: 1. Increasing community capacity which aims to provide better access to resources, meeting needs in the context of increasing welfare, and having the ability to exercise social control over environmental aspects. 2. Community capacity building aimed at managing local organizations (self-management). 3. Development of critical thinking in society so that they have more critical thinking about themselves and their environment.
In natural resource management, empowerment is intended so that each individual has the awareness, ability, and concern to secure and conserve these resources. Management of natural resources in a sustainable manner is needed to ensure that the benefits of these natural resources can be felt continuously in future generations to improve the quality or quality of human life (Mardikanto and Soebiato, 2015). Some of the benefits of community empowerment in natural resource management include helping reduce poverty, improving environmental quality, and overcoming resource management conflicts among interested parties (Kullenberg, 2010).
According to Teguh (2004: 80) community empowerment should lead to the formation of better community cognitive. Cognitive conditions are essentially thinking based on the knowledge and insights of a person or society in order to find solutions or problems at hand. The conative condition is an attitude of community behavior in the form that is directed at behavior that is sensitive to the values of development and empowerment

Private Village-Owned Business Agency
Village-owned enterprises (BUMDes) are village business institutions managed by the community and village government in an effort to strengthen the village economy and are formed based on the needs and potential of the village. BUMDes according to Law number 32 of 2004 concerning Regional Government was established, among other things, in the context of increasing Village Original Income (PADesa). As one of the economic institutions operating in rural areas, BUMDes must have differences with economic institutions in general. This is intended so that the existence and performance of BUMDes is able to make a significant contribution to improving the welfare of village residents. In addition, so as not to develop a capitalist business system in the countryside.
Ansari (2019) stated that Business Judgment Rule basically adheres to the principle that a company's directors cannot be held accountable for losses arising from a decision-making action, as long as the directors in making these decisions have been based on good intentions and are entirely in the interest company.
BUMDes as a business capital economic institution is built on community initiative and adheres to the principle of being independent. This means that the fulfillment of BUMDes business capital must come from the community. However, it is possible for BUMDes to apply for capital loans from outside parties, such as from the Village Government or other parties, even through third parties. This is in accordance with statutory regulations (Law 32 of 2004 on Regional Government Article 213 paragraph 3). This explanation is very important to prepare for the establishment of BUMDes, because the implications will be related to its regulation in Regional Regulations (Perda) and Village Regulations (Perdes).
Definition of BUMDes According to (Maryunani, 2008): "BUMDes is a village business institution managed by the community and village government in an effort to strengthen the village economy and build community social cohesion which is formed based on the needs and potential of the village". So BUMDes is a business / institution that has a function to build the village economy through businesses that are developed in order to obtain a result (profit or profit).
According to Purnomo (Purnomo, 2004), the aims and objectives of the establishment of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) are: providing services for the allotment of village communities. 4. As a pioneer for village business activities.
The role of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in improving the village economy, According to (Seyadi, 2003) in Fkun, E. (2019)are as follows: 1. Development and development of the economic potential and capacity of rural communities in general to improve their economic and social welfare. 2. Take an active role in improving the quality of human life and society. 3. Strengthening the people's economy as the basis for the strength and resilience of the national economy with BUMDes as the foundation. 4. Trying to create and develop the economy of rural communities. 5. Helping the community to increase income so as to increase income and community prosperity.

III. Research Methods
This research is a descriptive qualitative research. It is a method of examining the status of a group of people, a condition, attitudes and views of a phenomenon that occurs in society and telling the data according to the current situation. Through detailed and in-depth data collection involving various sources of information or multiple sources of information (for example, observation , interviews, audiovisual materials, documents and various reports). Then the researcher reported the case description and the theme of the case which was used as research material.
The informants in this study are as follows, consisting of key informants and complementary informants. Data collection was carried out in stages from observation, interviews and documentation with several informants who had been selected by researchers as sources in this study. Primary data obtained in the field through in-depth interviews and observations. Meanwhile, secondary data is obtained through available documentation or obtained from print media or websites. The instrument for obtaining primary data used interview guidelines which were prepared in order to extract the information needed to complete the research. This research uses data collection techniques as a case study research, where data is collected by revealing the phenomena that are the focus of the research. So this research also enriches the data by triangulating data sources by combining several data sources, namely in-depth interviews, secondary data analysis, website searches and news searches in print media on relevant topics. Then the data analysis of this research uses qualitative analysis techniques that are descriptive.

IV. Discussion
Community empowerment referred to in this research is a process that reflects efforts to change rural communities who have limited power so that they are able to overcome development problems in their village, through a series of stages (awareness and behavior formation stage, capability transformation stage and intellectual capacity building stage) based on individual, group / organization level, and system towards a condition of independence. In this case, especially carried out by BUMKEP Sinaboi Mandiri.
In accordance with Law No. 32 of 2004 concerning Regional Government is expected to be an alternative solution for the Government to address these phenomena, especially in the context of implementing development programs. The basic plan and substance to be raised are community empowerment, regional autonomy which provides opportunities for people to participate in various aspects of life so that it can be said to be the embodiment of a community-centered paradigm.
According to Ambar Teguh Sulistiyani (2004: 83) empowerment is a process towards empowerment, or the process of obtaining power / strength / ability, and or the process of giving power / strength / ability from parties who have power to parties who are less or less empowered. Community empowerment as an effort to increase community capacity in a sustainable manner is carried out through the following stages: a. Awareness stage and behavior formation towards conscious and caring behavior b. Capability transformation stage in the form of insight into knowledge, skills skills to open insights and provide basic skills c. The stage of increasing intellectual abilities and skills so that innovative initiatives and abilities are formed to lead to independence. This is in line according to (Sidiq, 2020) that every community empowerment program must be based on the community's ability to empower in each of its programs.

The Stage of Awareness and Behavior Formation towards Conscious and Caring Behavior
The empowerment / actor / actor creates a precondition that can facilitate an effective empowerment process. What is intervened in society is actually more about its effective ability to achieve the expected conative awareness. Giving a touch of awareness will raise people's desire and awareness about the current conditions, so as to stimulate their awareness of the need to improve conditions for a better future. This touch of feeling will bring people's awareness to grow, then stimulate their spirit of awakening to improve their abilities and the environment. With this spirit, it is hoped that it can lead people to come to awareness and a willingness to learn. Thus the community is more open and feels they need knowledge and skills to further improve existing conditions. Better.
In this case, the presence of the ADD Policy also raises awareness to the community about the need to build their village to create better conditions. Seen through the participation of the village community in village activities, the concern of the village community in social issues, the care of the village community in terms of village development, and understanding the importance of village development. The leader, as an extension of the government in the village or Kepenghuluan, must be skilled, observant and transparent in planning and involve all components of the Kepenghuluan community, so that the Kepenghuluan-owned enterprises can move the economy of the people in the area.
BUMKEP Sinaboi Mandiri, one of the Sinaboi Kepenghuluan-owned enterprises which was founded in 2017, to be precise, was the result of a village meeting on March 6, 2017, to become one of the village-owned enterprises which is expected to provide original village income. Sinaboi Village's original potential is sea products and mangrove forests. So at the beginning of the establishment of the Bumkep Sinaboi Mandiri, it was given a grant for a tourism boat, a tent, and four drilled wells to be managed. With the consideration of the needs of the datuk pengulu sinaboi community, held a meeting with several community leaders, traditional leaders and also the Director of Bumkep Sinaboi

The Ability Transformation Stage Is in the Form of Insight into Knowledge, Skill Skills to Open Insights and Provide Basic Skills
At the beginning of 2017 bumkep sinaboi mandiri only had three business units namely tourism boat rental, tent rental and bore well management for the community. With an initial venture capital of Rp. 195,000,000 in early 2018, Bumkep Sinaboi Mandiri bought several facilities for improving clean water such as electricity meters, paralon, etc. for tourism boats also equipped with fishing gear facilities. In 2017 the government of Sinaboi developed 2 more units of drilled wells and the management is under Bumkep Sinaboi Mandiri.
At the beginning of 2019 Received Equity Returns from the Kepenghuluan Fund of IDR 150,000,000 and Bankeu Funds of IDR 165,000,000, Through the Inclusion of capital from the Kepenghuluan fund was made a tourist attraction for Mangrove Restoration and fishing places, As for Bankeu Participation 2 units of rental housing were purchased and department store The process of transforming knowledge and skills skills. The second stage will run well, effectively and with enthusiasm when the first stage is conditioned. The community will undergo a learning process about skills that are relevant to what these needs demand. This situation will stimulate open insight and mastery of the basic skills they really need. At this stage the community can only provide a participation role at a low level, namely simply being a follower or an object of development, not necessarily becoming a subject in development.

The Stage of Increasing Intellectual Abilities and Skills So That Innovative Initiatives and Abilities Are Formed to Lead to Independence
Business units owned by independent Kepenghuluan Sinaboi-owned business entities, namely; tourism boats, syrup berombang, mangrove tourist attractions, rent tents, and grocery stores. The stage of enrichment or enhancement of intellect and skills required, so that they can form independence abilities. This independence will be marked by the capacity of the community in forming initiatives, giving birth to creations, and making innovations in their environment. If the community has reached this third stage, the community can independently carry out development. In the concept of community development in conditions like this, it is often positioned as the subject of development or the main actor. The government, in this case, only remains the facilitator.
Sinaboi is an area on the coast so it is difficult to get clean water for daily needs. As an effort to improve the community's life span towards a healthy island, all the wells that have been built through village funds are taken over by the village for maintenance and utilization. To support all of that, bumkep has provided capital to purchase several electricity meters, paralon pipes and jetpam engines. The number of households that receive clean water is 100 households. Until now the community has been greatly helped besides affordable monthly fees. This is one of the supports for Village Original Income (PAD).

V. Conclusion
Low capacity and social institutions in Kepenghuluan. Lack of Human Resources (HR) who have the expertise to become an extension of the program created by the Sinaboi BUMKEP raises the limitations of community involvement in the field of empowerment both for the individual economy, as well as increasing village original income.
The existence of Kepenghuluan economic institutions has not functioned optimally, and information regarding the islands is still difficult to access via the internet so that people are still difficult to get information and data about development, which in turn has an impact on development that is not on target and the lack of community participation to support and be involved in development kepenghuluan.